اثربخشی مداخله توانبخشی شناختی بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانش‌آموزان کم‌پیشرفت: بهبود تنظیم شناخت، رفتار و هیجان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشگاه فرهنگیان

چکیده

کارکردهای اجرایی، کنش­های عالی سیستم عصبی مغز هستند که مجموعه‌ای از توانایی‌های سطح بالا شامل تنظیم شناخت، تنظیم رفتار و تنظیم هیجان را انجام می‌دهند. هدف این پژوهش اثربخشی مداخله توان‌بخشی شناختی بر کارکردهای اجرایی دانش­آموزان کم­پیشرفت شهر شیراز بود. طرح پژوهش، از نوع پیش‌آزمون و پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه ­آماری پژوهش کلیه دانش‌آموزان کم­پیشرفت شهر شیراز بودند. از بین جامعه آماری مذکور، تعداد 40 دانش­آموز به روش نمونه­گیری خوشه­ای تصادفی به‌عنوان نمونه پژوهش انتخاب و به روش تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش (20 نفر) و کنترل (20 نفر) گمارده شدند. به‌منظور جمع­آوری داده­های پژوهش از سیاهه درجه­بندی رفتاری کارکردهای اجرایی ـ ویراست دوم استفاده شد. برنامه آموزش توان‌بخشی شناختی به مدت 10 جلسه برای گروه آزمایش اجرا شد. یافته­های حاصل از تحلیل کواریانس چندمتغیری نشان داد که آموزش توان‌بخشی شناختی بر بهبود شاخص­کارکردهای اجرایی (تنظیم شناخت، تنظیم رفتار، تنظیم هیجان) دانش‌آموزان کم­پیشرفت اثربخش بوده است. به عبارت دیگر، آموزش توان‌بخشی شناختی منجر به بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی دانش­آموزان کم­پیشرفت شده است. با توجه به اثربخش بودن این برنامه، متخصصان و مشاوران مدرسه می­توانند از این برنامه آموزشی برای بهبود کارکردهای اجرایی دانش­آموزان کم­پیشرفت استفاده کنند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effectiveness of Cognitive Rehabilitation Intervention on Executive Functions of Underachievement Students: Improving the Regulation of Cognition, Behavior and Emotion

نویسنده [English]

  • Soghra Ostovar
چکیده [English]

Executive functions are superior actions of the brain's nervous system that perform a set of high-level abilities including cognitive regulation, behavioral regulation, and emotional regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation intervention on executive functions of underachieving students in Shiraz. The research design was a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the research was all underachieving students in Shiraz. From the aforementioned statistical population, 40 students were selected as the research sample by random cluster sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental group (20 students) and control group (20 students).  In order to collect research data, the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-Second Edition was used. The cognitive rehabilitation training program was implemented for 10 sessions for the experimental group. The findings from multivariate analysis of covariance showed that cognitive rehabilitation training was effective in improving executive function indices (cognitive regulation, behavioral regulation, and emotional regulation) of underachieving students. In other words, cognitive rehabilitation training has led to improvements in students' executive functions. Given the effectiveness of this program, school specialists and counselors can use this training program to improve the executive functions of underachiever students

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • cognitive rehabilitation
  • executive functions
  • cognitive regulation
  • behavioral regulation
  • emotion regulation
 
Alizadeh, H. (2007). Neurological executive functions and their relationship with developmental disorders. Advances in Cognitive Science, 8(4), 57-70. [In Persian]
Arjmandnia, A. A., Afrooz, G. A., & Ghobari-Bonab, B. (2019). The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation program based on prospective memory on the behavioral problems and executive functions of attention in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Exceptional Children, 18(3), 117-130. [In Persian]
Arshad, M., & Kashefi Mamaghani, S. (2021). The effect of brain-centered empowerment on the executive functions of students with mathematical learning disabilities. Community Health Journal, 5(12), 12-20. https://doi.org/10.22123/CHJ.2021.228201.1489 [In Persian]
Ashori, M, & Jalil-Abkenar, S. S. (2020). The effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation program based on memory on the behavioral problems and working memory in children with hearing impairment. Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 22(1), 13-24. ] In Persian[
Barkley, R. A. (2006). The relevance of the still lectures to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A commentary. Journal of Attention Disorders, 10(2), 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054706288111
Barkley, R. A. (2012). Executive functions: What they are, how they work, and why they evolved. Guilford Press.
Best, J. R., Miller, P. H., & Naglieri, J. A. (2011). Relations between executive function and academic achievement from ages 5 to 17 in a large, representative national sample. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(4), 327-336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2011.01.007
Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2014). Closing the achievement gap through modification of neurocognitive and neuroendocrine function: Results from a cluster randomized controlled trial of an innovative approach to the education of children in kindergarten. PLOS One, 9(11), e112393. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112393
Caldeira, J. M. A., Goffi-Gomez, M. V. S., Imamura, R., & Bento, R. F. (2019). Speech recognition of cochlear implant users inside a noisy helicopter environment. Audiology and Neurotology, 24(1), 32-37. https://doi.org/10.1159/000497031
Carlson, S. M., & Wang, T. S. (2007). Inhibitory control and emotion regulation in preschool children. Cognitive Development, 22(4), 489-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogdev.2007.08.002
Chan, S. K. C., Zhang, D., Bögels, S. M., Chan, C. S., Lai, K. Y. C., Lo, H. H. M., ... & Wong, S. Y. S. (2018). Effects of a mindfulness-based intervention (MYmind) for children with ADHD and their parents: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMJ Open, 8(11), e022514. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022514
Clark, C. A., Pritchard, V. E., & Woodward, L. J. (2010). Preschool executive functioning abilities predict early mathematics achievement. Developmental Psychology, 46(5), 1176-1191. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019672
Cohen, A. L., Jaudas, A., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2008). Number of cues influences the cost of remembering to remember. Memory & Cognition, 36(1), 149-156. https://doi.org/10.3758/mc.36.1.149
Cole, B. F., Logan, R. F., Halabi, S., Benamouzig, R., Sandler, R. S., Grainge, M. J., & Baron, J. A. (2009). Aspirin for the chemoprevention of colorectal adenomas: Meta-analysis of the randomized trials. JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 101(4), 256-266. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djn485
Cornish, K., Cole, V., Longhi, E., Karmiloff-Smith, A., & Scerif, G. (2013). Mapping developmental trajectories of attention and working memory in fragile X syndrome: Developmental freeze or developmental change? Development and Psychopathology, 25(2), 365-376. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579412001113
Dada, O. (2021). Identifying mathematics underachieving gifted in classroom. Journal for the Education of Gifted Young Scientists, 9(3), 207-213.
Dawson, P., & Guare, R. (2018). Executive skills in children and adolescents: A practical guide to assessment and intervention. Guilford Publications.
Di Lieto, M. C., Pecini, C., Castro, E., Inguaggiato, E., Cecchi, F., Dario, P., & Sgandurra, G. (2020). Empowering executive functions in 5-and 6-year-old typically developing children through educational robotics: An RCT study. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 3084. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03084
Faraji, R., Oraki, M., Zare, H., & Nejati, V. (2020). Investigating the effect of cognitive rehabilitation on executive functions in people with war-related injuries and post-traumatic stress. Shefaye Khatam, 8(4), 20-28. https://doi.org/10.29252/sheaf.8.4.20 [In persian]
Gandomi, Z., Arjmandnia, A. A., & Afrooz, G. A. (2021). Evaluating the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation based on executive functions (BETA) on the behavioral functioning of slow learners. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 12(1), 207-225. https://doi.org/10.22059/japr.2021.301427.643503  ] In Persian[
Gazzaniga, M. S., Ivry, R. B., & Mangun G. R. (2002). Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind (2nd Ed.). New York: Norton & Company.
Gioia, G., Isquith, P. K., Guy, S. C., & Kenworthy, L. (2015). BRIEF-2. Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (2nd Ed.). Lutz, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc.
Kane, M. J., & McVay, J. C. (2012). What mind wandering reveals about executive-control abilities and failures. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 21(5), 348-354. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721412454875
Kleine Deters, J. (2018). Therapeutic exercise assessment automation, a hidden Markov model approach (Master's thesis). University of Twente).
Kupczyszyn, K. H., Filippetti, V. A., & Oros, L. (2024). Socioeconomic status effects on children's creativity: The mediating role of executive functions. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 51, 101437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2023.101437
Lantrip, C., Isquith, P. K., Koven, N. S., Welsh, K., & Roth, R. M. (2016). Executive function and emotion regulation strategy use in adolescents. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 5(1), 50-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2014.960567
Lawshe, C. H. (1969). Statistical theory and practice in applied psychology. Personnel Psychology, 22(2), 117-123. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1969.tb02294.x
Li, Q., Liu, P., Yan, N., & Feng, T. (2020). Executive function training improves emotional competence for preschool children: The roles of inhibition control and working memory. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 347. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00347
Loughan, A. R., Allen, D. H., & Braun, S. E. (2019). Chapter 6- Living with oligodendroglioma. In Paleologos, N, A., & Newton, H. B. (Eds.), Oligodendroglioma (pp. 55-75). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813158-9.00006-2.
McClelland, M. M., & Cameron, C. E. (2019). Developing together: The role of executive function and motor skills in children’s early academic lives. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 46, 142-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.03.014
Parhoon, K., & Parhoon, H. (2019). The effect of cognitive rehabilitation training on executive functions and attention in students with learning problem. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 7(3), 90-107. https://doi.org/20.1001.1.23455780.1398.7.3.5.7 [In Persian]
Parhoon, K., Parhoon, H., Moradi, A., & Hassanabadi, H. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function, Second Edition (BRIEF2) in students aged 13 to 18 years. Quarterly of Educational Measurement, 12(45), 165-186. https://doi.org/10.22054/jem.2022.57932.2127 [In Persian]
Purpura, D. J., Schmitt, S. A., & Ganley, C. M. (2017). Foundations of mathematics and literacy: The role of executive functioning components. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 153, 15-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2016.08.010
Qamari Givi, H., Nader, M., & Dehqani, F. (2014). The effectiveness of the cognitive rehabilitation in reconstructing the executive functions in obsessive compulsive disorder patients. Clinical Psychology Studies5(16), 101-128. ] In Persian[
Ramezan Nia, Z., & Nejati, V. (2018). Effectiveness of PARS Cognitive Rehabilitation Program on the improvement of executive function in children with ADHD. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine6(4), 219-230. https://doi.org/10.22037/JRM.2017.110436.1284 ] In Persian[
Rueda, M. R., & Paz-Alonso, P. M. (2013). Executive function and emotional development. Encyclopedia on Early Childhood Development, 1-7.
Ruffini, C., Tarchi, C., & Pecini, C. (2023). Which executive functions affect text comprehension and writing in paper and digital mode? An investigation in primary school children. Computers & Education, 207, 104936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2023.104936
Shuai, L., Wang, Y., Li, W., Wilson, A., Wang, S., Chen, R., & Zhang, J. (2021). Executive function training for preschool children with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Attention Disorders, 25(14), 2037-2047. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054720956723
Sulik, M. J., Finch, J. E., & Obradović, J. (2020). Moving beyond executive functions: Challenge preference as a predictor of academic achievement in elementary school. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 198(2), 104-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2020.104883
Traverso, L., Viterbori, P., & Usai, M. C. (2015). Improving executive function in childhood: Evaluation of a training intervention for 5-year-old children. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 525. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00525
Viana-Sáenz, L., Sastre-Riba, S., Urraca-Martínez, M. L., & Botella, J. (2020). Measurement of executive functioning and high intellectual ability in childhood: A comparative meta-analysis. Sustainability, 12(11), 479-506. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12114796
Visier-Alfonso, M. E., Sánchez-López, M., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V., Jiménez-López, E., Redondo-Tébar, A., & Nieto-López, M. (2020). Executive functions mediate the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and academic achievement in Spanish schoolchildren aged 8 to 11 years. PLOS One, 15(4), 231-245. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231246
Wang, X., & Feng, T. (2024). Does executive function affect children's peer relationships more than emotion understanding? A Longitudinal study based on latent growth model. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 66, 211-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2023.10.010
Watson, S. M., Gable, R. A., & Morin, L. L. (2016). The role of executive functions in classroom instruction of students with learning disabilities. International Journal of School and Cognitive Psychology, 3(167), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.4172/2469-9837.1000167
Willoughby, M. T., Wylie, A. C., & Little, M. H. (2019). Testing longitudinal associations between executive function and academic achievement. Developmental Psychology, 55(4), 767-779. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000664
Wu, K. K., Anderson, V., & Castiello, U. (2002). Neuropsychological evaluation of deficits in executive functioning for ADHD children with or without learning disabilities. Developmental Neuropsychology, 22(2), 501-531. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15326942DN2202_5
Yavari Barhaghtalab, E., Asgary, P., Naderi, F., & Heidarie, A. (2021). Effect of cognitive rehabilitation on executive function (response retention and scheduling) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 10(1), 146-157. https://doi.org/10.22037/JRM.2020.112304.2176 [In Persian]
Zhang, Q., Wang, C., Zhao, Q., Yang, L., Buschkuehl, M., & Jaeggi, S. M. (2019). The malleability of executive function in early childhood: Effects of schooling and targeted training. Developmental Science, 22(2), e12748. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12748
 
دوره 17، شماره 1
فروردین 1404
صفحه 101-118
  • تاریخ دریافت: 11 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 28 خرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 10 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ اولین انتشار: 10 تیر 1404
  • تاریخ انتشار: 01 فروردین 1404