ساخت و اعتباریابی مقدماتی ابزار غربالگری تاب‌آوری روان‌شناختی در نوجوانان تیزهوش

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی تربیتی، دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روان‌شناسی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

10.22099/jsli.2023.7191

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف ساخت و اعتباریابی مقدماتی آزمون غربالگری تاب‌آوری در نوجوانان تیزهوش، با رجوع به آموزه‌های مفهومی رویکرد توانمندمحور ـ به‌عنوان یک رویکرد بیش‌واقع‌نگر و جامع که مواجهه‌های تاب‌آورانه را در بستر منابع فردی و بافتاری معنا می‌کند، انجام شد. 451 نوجوان تیزهوش از بین دانش‌آموزان متوسطه اول و دوم مدارس دخترانه و پسرانه تیزهوشان شهرستان کاشان با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس، انتخاب شدند. ابتدا، نتایج تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی به روش تحلیل مولفه‌های اصلی، در بُعد برون‌فردی، از مدل اندازه‌گیری مشتمل بر سه منبعِ معلم، خانواده و دوستان و همچنین، در بُعد درون‌فردی، از مدل مشتمل بر شش منبعِ خودباوری، مسئولیت‌پذیری، خودکنترلی، توانایی یادگیری از رخدادهای منفی، چالشی‌نگری و مثبت‌اندیشی، حمایت کرد. در ادامه، نتایج تحلیل عاملی تاییدی ابزار غربالگری تاب‌آوری نشان داد که مدل دوعاملی مرتبة اول در مقایسه با دو مدل رقیب شامل مدل چندعاملی مرتبه سوم سلسله‌مراتبی و مدل چندعاملی مرتبه اول، با داده‌ها برازش بهتری دارد. همچنین، نتایج روش آماری آزمون t برای گروه‌های مستقل با تایید روایی افتراقی ابزار غربالگری تاب‌آوری نشان داد که این ابزار در تمایزگذاری بین یادگیرگان تیزهوشِ تاب‌آور از غیرتاب‌آور، موثر بود. علاوه‌بر این، نتایج مربوط به همبستگی بین ابعاد فردی و بافتاری ابزار غربالگری با وجوه مختلف ادراک از حمایت اجتماعی، شواهد مضاعفی را در دفاع از روایی ملاکی این ابزار فراهم آورد. ضرایب همسانی درونی برای منابع بافتاری تاب‌آوری، بین 75/0 تا 97/0 و ضرایب همسانی درونی برای منابع درون‌فردی تاب‌آوری، بین 84/0 تا 96/0، به دست آمد. نتایج پژوهش حاضر نشان داد که حدود اطلاعاتی رویکرد توانمندمحور نسبت به تاب‌آوری با شمول حداکثری منابع درون ـ برون‌فردی تغذیه‌کننده مقابله‌های تاب‌آورانه، از یک سوی، در تدارک تلاشی بسنده برای شکل‌دهی به نقشه مفهومی زیربنایی ابزار غربالگری تاب‌آوری تیزهوشان و از دیگر سوی، و متعاقبِ دسترسی به آن ابزار سنجش، تعقیب دغدغه کاهش پیامدهای ناشی از سلطه‌گری تک‎‌بُعدی‌نگری در فرایند سنجش، پایش و انتخاب سرآمدان را همچون واقعیتی بااهمیت و انکارناشدنی، ممکن ساخت.

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