رابطه الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده و تحول مثبت دردانش‌آموزان نوجوان: نقش واسطه‌ای امید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شیراز بخش روانشناسی تربیتی

2 دانشگاه شیراز

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی ارتباط بین الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده (جهت‌گیری گفت‌وشنود و همنوایی) و تحول مثبت در دانش‌آموزان نوجوان با نقش واسطه‌ای امید انجام شد. این پژوهش از نوع همبستگی بود که در آن ارتباط بین متغیرها در قالب مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. شرکت‌کنندگان پژوهش، 423 نفر (228 دختر و 195 پسر) از دانش‌آموزان دوره متوسطه دوم شهر شیراز در سال تحصیلی 1402- 1403 بودند که با روش نمونه‌گیری خوشه‌ای چندمرحله‌ای گزینش شدند. ابزارهای مورد استفاده در این پژوهش عبارت بودند از پرسشنامه تجدید نظرشده الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده، پرسشنامه تحول مثبت نوجوانی و مقیاس امید. برای تحلیل داده‌ها از نرم‌افزارهای SPSS نسخه 24 و AMOS نسخه 24 استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل‌ها نشان داد که از میان الگوهای ارتباطی خانواده جهت‌گیری گفت‌وشنود اثر مستقیم و مثبت بر تحول مثبت دانش‌آموزان نوجوان دارد. جهت‌گیری همنوایی نتوانست به‌نحو معنی‌داری تحول مثبت دانش‌آموزان نوجوان و امید را پیش‌بینی کند. مطابق با یافته‌ها، امید در ارتباط بین جهت‌گیری گفت‌و‌شنود و تحول مثبت دانش‌آموزان نوجوان نقش واسطه‌ای مثبت داشت. نتایج این پژوهش هم‌راستا با دیدگاه تحول مثبت نوجوانی، نقش زمینه‌ساز سرمایه‌های تحولی بیرونی و درونی در تحول نوجوانان را برجسته کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


Abdul Kadir, N. B. Y., & Mohd, R. H. (2021). The 5Cs of positive youth development, purpose in life, hope, and well-being among emerging adults in Malaysia. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 641876.
Alizadeh, M & Derakhshan, M. (2021). Investigating the relationship between family communication orientation and mental health: The mediating role of identity styles. Clinical Psychology Achievements, 7(2), 11-22. [In Persian]
Aparna, N., & Raakhee, A. S. (2011). Life skill education for adolescents: its relevance and importance. Education Science and Psychology, 2(19), 3-7.
Babaee, J., Najafi, M., & Rezaei, A. M. (2018). The psychometric properties of Positive Youth Development Scale in students. Journal of Psychological Science, 16(64), 540-553. [In Persian]
Belen, H., Yildirim, M., & Belen, F. S. (2020). Influence of fear of happiness on flourishing: Mediator roles of hope agency and hope pathways. Australian Journal of Psychology72(2), 165-173.
Benson, P. L. (2007). Developmental assets: An overview of theory, research, and practice. In R. K. Silbereisen, R. M. Lerner (Eds.) Developmental assets: An overview of theory, research, and practice (pp. 33-58). SAGE Publications Ltd, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446213803
Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Hamilton, S. F., & Sesma, A. (2006). Positive youth development: Theory, research and applications. In R. M. Lerner& W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models on human development (6th Ed., pp.  894–94). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Callina, K. S., Mueller, M. K., Buckingham, M. H., & Gutierrez, A. S. (2015). Building hope for positive youth development: Research, practice, and policy. In E. Bowers et al. (Eds.), Promoting positive youth development: Advancing responsible adolescent development. Springer, Cham.
Chakhssi, F., Kraiss, J. T., Sommers-Spijkerman, M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2018). The effect of positive psychology interventions on well-being and distress in clinical samples with psychiatric or somatic disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1), 1–17.
Colle, L., & Del Giudice, M. (2011). Patterns of attachment and emotional competence in middle childhood. Social Development20(1), 51-72. ‏
Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M. L., Carboon, I., Lewis, V., Densley, K., McFarlane, A., …, & Bryant, R. A. (2009). Evaluation of the dispositional hope scale in injury survivors. Journal of Research in Personality43(4), 613-617.
Dowlati, S., Kouchak Entezar, R., & Sadeghi Efjeh, Z. (2019). Modeling the positive youth development based on self-regulation, social competence and parental bonding. Journal of Social Psychology, 14(58), 45-57. [In Persian]
Eftekhari, M. (2021). Family emotional climate. Iranian Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 23, 132-137. [In Persian]
Eskandari, N., Sedighi Arfaee, F., Jafari, A., & Yazdani Varzaneh, M. J. (2022). A structural equation model for the relationship between family communication patterns and emotional maturity in teenage girls: The mediating role of parent-child conflict. Studies in Learning & Instruction, 13(2), 51-72. [In Persian]
Farahmand, S., & Fouladchang, M. (2017). A causal explanation of academic buoyancy based on the family communication patterns: The mediating role of emotional expressiveness. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 13(51), 257-269. [In Persian]
Farnam, A & Madadizade, T. (2017). Effect of positive training on positive psychological states (character strengths) of female high school students. Positive Psychology Research, 3(1), 61-75. [In Persian]
Farokhi, A., & Sabzi, N. (2015). Happiness and perception of family communication patterns: The mediating role of psychological capital. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 11(43), 313-323. [In Persian]
Feldman, D. B., Einav, M., & Margalit, M. (2018). Does family cohesion predict children's effort? The mediating roles of sense of coherence, Hope, and loneliness. The Journal of Psychology152(5), 276- 289.
Fitzpatrick, M. A., & Ritchie, L. D. (1994). Communication schemata within the family: Multiple perspective on family interaction. Human Communication Research, 20, 275-301.
Geldhof, G. J., Bowers, E. P., Boyd, M. J., Mueller, M. J., Napolitano, K. S., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2014). The creation and validation of short and very short measures of PYD. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 24(1), 163-176.
Geldhof, G. J., Larsen, T., Urke, H., Holsen, I., Lewis, H., & Tyler, C. P. (2019). Indicators of positive youth development can be maladaptive: The example case of caring. Journal of Adolescence, 71, 1-9. ‏
Guse, T., & Shaw, M. (2018). Hope, meaning in life and well-being among a group of young adults. In A. Krafft, P. Perrig-Chiello, & A. Walker (Eds.), Hope for a good life (pp. 63-77). Social Indicators Research Series, vol 72. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-78470-0_3
Gutman, L. M., Sameroff, A. J., & Cole, R. (2003). Academic growth curve trajectories from 1st grade to 12th grade: Effects of multiple social risk factors and preschool child factors. Developmental Psychology, 39, 777–790.
Hejazi, E., & Saleh Najafi, M. (2014). The relationship between the perception of parental relationships and the positive youth development. National Conference of Iranian Family Challenges. Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. [In Persian]
Hosseinabad, N., Najafi, M., & Rezaei, A. M. (2019). The effectiveness of training program of positive youth development on life satisfaction and self-efficacy in adolescents. Journal of Psychological Science, 17(72), 927-936. [In Persian]
Huang, C. (2022). Self-regulation of learning and EFL learners’ hope and joy: A review of literature. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 315–341.
Hull, D. M., Powell, M. G., Fagan, M. A., Hobbs, C. M., & Williams, L. O. (2020). Positive youth development: A longitudinal quasi-experiment in Jamaica. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 67, 101118.
Interagency Working Group on Youth Programs. (2021). Positive youth development. American Institutes for Research.
Jafari Sahraroudi. M. (2021). The relationship between family communication patterns and adjustment and happiness. Advanced Progresses in Psychology, Educational Sciences and Education, 3(24), 145-159. [In Persian]
Jafari, A., & Hesampour, F. (2017). Predicting life satisfaction based on spiritual intelligence and psychological capital in the older people. Iranian Journal of Aging, 12(1), 90-103. [In Persian]
Kaniušonytė, G., & Žukauskienė, R. (2018). Relationships with parents, identity styles, and positive youth development during the transition from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Emerging Adulthood, 6(1), 42-52.
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3rd Ed.). New York, London: The Guilford press.
Koerner, A. F., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (2006). Family communication patterns theory: A social cognitive approach. In D. O. Braithwaite & L. A. Baxter (Eds.), Engaging theories in family communication: Multiple perspectives (pp. 50–65). Sage Publications
Koerner, A. F., & Schrodt, P. (2014). An introduction to the special issue on family communication patterns theory. Journal of Family Communication, 14, 1–15.
Lau, P. S., & Wu, F. K. (2012). Emotional competence as a positive youth development construct: A conceptual review.  Scientific World Journal, 975189. doi: 10.1100/2012/975189.
Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Bowers, E. P., & Geldhof, G. J. (2015). Positive youth development and relational developmental-systems. In W. F. Overton, P. C. M. Molenaar, & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Theory and method (7th Ed., pp. 607–651). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Li, X. K., Zhan, P. S., Chen, S. D., & Ren, J. (2021). The relationship between family functioning and pathological internet use among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of hope and the moderating role of social withdrawal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(14). 7700.
Luthans, F., Youssef, C. M., & Avolio, B. J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing of human competitive edge. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Monjezi, E., Haroon Rashidi, H., & Kazemiyan Moghadam, K. (2022). The relationship between family communication patterns and attitudes toward creativity: Mediating role of academic vitality in students. Thinking and Children12(2), 301-320. ‏[In Persian]
Moors, A., Ellsworth, P. C., Scherer, K. R., & Frijda, N. H. (2013). Appraisal theories of emotion: State of the art and future development. Emotion Review5(2), 119-124.
Mousavi, F., Nasiripour, S., & Dabiri, S. (2020). The prediction of life satisfaction in adolescents based on positive youth development and psychological capitals. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi, 9(4), 1- 12. [In Persian]
Naderi, H., Khormaee, F., Akbari. A., & Sabri, M. (2018). The causal role of family communication patterns in academic self-efficacy and academic resilience. Studies in Learning & Instruction, 10(1), 94-110. [In Persian]
Nikoogoftar, M., & Dousti. M. (2022). The role of corona anxiety on mental health and quality of life mediated by hope. Positive Psychology Research, 7(4), 25-40. [In Persian]
Novak, M., Parr, N. J., Ferić, M., Mihić, J., & Kranželić, V. (2021). Positive youth development in Croatia: School and family factors associated with mental health of Croatian adolescents. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 611169.
Orejudo, S., Balaguer, Á., Osorio, A., de la Rosa, P. A., & Lopez‐del Burgo, C. (2022). Activities and relationships with parents as key ecological assets that encourage personal positive youth development. Journal of Community Psychology50(2), 896-915. ‏
Orm, S., Haukeland, Y. B., Vatne, T., & Fjermestad, K. (2022). Measuring family communication in pediatric nursing: Psychometric properties of the parent-child communication scale – Child report (PCCS-CR). Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 62, 78-83.
Park, A., Williams, E., & Zurba, M. (2020). Understanding hope and what it means for the future of conservation. Biological Conservation, 244, 108507.
Patton, G. C., Sawyer, S. M., Santelli, J. S., Ross, D. A., Aff, R., Allen, N. B., … & Viner R. M. (2016). Our future: A Lancet commission on adolescent health and wellbeing. Lancet, 387 (10036), 2423-2478.
Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Character strengths and virtues: A handbook and classification. Oxford University Press.
Razi, A. M., & Asadi Majaeh, S. (2022). The relationship between communication patterns and family emotional atmosphere with academic vitality of high school students mediated by academic resilience. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 17(67), 127-136. [In Persian]
Ritchie, L. D., & Fitzpatrick, M. A. (1990). Family communication patterns: Measuring intrapersonal perceptions of interpersonal relationships. Communication Research, 17, 523-544.
Sancassiani, F., Pintus, E., Holte, A., Paulus, P., Moro, M. F., Cossu, G., ... & Lindert, J. (2015). Enhancing the emotional and social skills of the youth to promote their wellbeing and positive development: A systematic review of universal school-based randomized controlled trials. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental health, 11 (Suppl 1 M2), 21-40.
Schmid, K. L., Phelps, E., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). Constructing positive futures: Modeling the relationship between adolescents’ hopeful future expectations and intentional self-regulation in predicting positive youth development. Journal of Adolescence, 34(6), 1127–1135. ‏
Sepehrnoush Moradi, F., & Hejazi, E. (2018). The relationship between developmental assets of family, school and others with psychological well-being: The mediating role of hope. Psychological Achievements25(2), 73-90. doi: 10.22055/psy.2019.25139.2024 [In Persian]
Sharifmusavi, F., Moradi, A., & Tajik Esmaeili, A. (2022). The relationship between executive functions with family cohesion, positive youth development and emotional maturity among adolescence: The mediating role of emotional regulation. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 10(2), 101-118. [In Persian]
Shek, D. T., Dou, D., Zhu, X., & Chai, W. (2019). Positive youth development: Current perspectives. Adolescent Health, Medicine and Therapeutics, 131-141.
Sigelamn, C. K., & Rider, E. A. (2018). Life span human development. Cengage Learning: United States.
Snyder, C. R., (2000). Handbook of hope. San Diego: Academic Press.
Snyder, C. R., Harris, C., Anderson, J. R., Holleran, S. A., Irving, L. M., Sigmon, S. T., ... & Harney, P. (1991). The will and the ways: development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(4), 570-585.
Snyder, C. R., & Lopez, S. J. (2007). Positive psychology: The scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Sage Publications.
Tabe Bordbar. F., Esmaeili, M., & Karamad, M. (2021). Predicting positive development of adolescents based on basic psychological needs and parental bonding. Rooyesh-e-Ravanshenasi, 9(11), 77-86. [In Persian]
Taylor, R. D., Oberle, E., Durlak, J. A., & Weissberg, R. P. (2017). Promoting positive youth development through school‐based social and emotional learning interventions: A meta‐analysis of follow‐up effects. Child Development88(4), 1156-1171.
Tirrell, J. M., Geldhof, G. J., King, P. E., Dowling, E. M., Sim, A. T., Williams, K., Iraheta, G., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2019). Measuring spirituality, hope, and thriving among Salvadoran youth: initial findings from the compassion international study of positive youth development. Child & Youth Care Forum, 48(2), 241–268.
Torkamani, M., Gharaee, A., Sheykhi, F., & Tanhaye Reshvanloo, F. (2018). Structural relationships between maternal and paternal warmth with hope in girl students. Sociology of Education, 9, 1-11. [In Persian]