Designing an Educational Quality System Model for Shiraz University: A Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) Approach

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

This study aimed to identify the key dimensions and factors influencing the quality of the educational system at Shiraz University and to analyze the complex interrelationships among them, with the goal of addressing qualitative weaknesses and structural deficiencies. Methodologically, the study adopted an exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) approach. Through a systematic literature review and expert interviews, ten core dimensions affecting educational quality were identified. These dimensions were then structured and analyzed using Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM), resulting in a five-level hierarchical model. The findings highlighted technology-based requirements as the foundational dimension of the educational quality system. This suggests that achieving optimal quality in education necessitates prioritizing the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) through targeted policy development. Additionally, improvements in environmental conditions and infrastructure—particularly the expansion of internet and intranet networks—were identified as critical prerequisites for enhancing educational quality. These insights provide a strategic framework for academic planners aiming to elevate the performance and effectiveness of higher education institutions.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

Audi, R. (2010). Epistemology: A contemporary introduction to the theory of knowledge. Routledge.
Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(11), 1230-1237.
Betegón, E., Rodríguez-Medina, J., Del-Valle, M., & Irurtia, M. J. (2022). Emotion regulation in adolescents: Evidence of the validity and factor structure of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3602, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063602
Birke, D., Butter, M., & Köppe, T. (Eds.). (2011). Counterfactual thinking-counterfactual writing (Vol. 12). Walter de Gruyter. ‏
Damasio, A. R. (2004). Emotions and feelings: A newrobiological perspective. In A. S. R. Manstead, N. Frijda, & A. Fischer (Eds.), Feelings and emotions: The Amsterdam Symposium (pp. 49-57). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Davis, C. G., Lehman, D. R., Wortman, C. B., Silver, R. C., & Thompson, S. C. (1995). The undoing of traumatic life events. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 21(2), 109-24.
Diefendorff, J. M., Richard, E. M., & Yang, J. (2008). Linking emotion regulation strategies to affective events and negative emotions at work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 73(20), 498-508.
Farokhi, E., & Hosseinchari, M. (2020). Emotion regulation and action control as predictors for decision making style. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 14(1), 34-39.
Francesconi, M., Flouri, E., & Harrison, A. (2022). Decision-making difficulties mediate the association between poor emotion regulation and eating disorder symptoms in adolescence. Psychological Medicine, 1-10. ‏
Gambetti, E., & Giusberti, F. (2019). Personality, decision-making styles and investments. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 80, 14-24.
Gambetti, E., Zucchelli, M. M., Nori, R., & Giusberti, F. (2022). Default rules in investment decision-making: trait anxiety and decision-making styles. Financial Innovation, 8(1), 1-26.‏
Gautam, S., Suddendorf, T., & Redshaw, J. (2022). Counterfactual thinking elicits emotional change in young children. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 377(1866), 20210346.‏
Henne, P., Kulesza, A., Perez, K., & Houcek, A. (2021). Counterfactual thinking and recency effects in causal judgment. Cognition, 212, 104708.‏
Kahneman, D., & Miller, D. T. (1986). Norm theory: Comparing reality to its alternatives. Psychological Review, 93(2), 136.‏
Kahneman, D., & Tversky, A. (1982). The psychology of preferences. Scientific American, 246(1), 160-173.‏
Kajbaf, M., & Khoshouei M. S. (2009). The relationship between counterfactual thinking and quality of life among the university students. Journal of Thought and Behavior in Cliniacal Psychology, 3(11), 23-34. [In Persian]
Karim, M. S., Sena, V., & Hart, M. (2022). Developing entrepreneurial career intention in entrepreneurial university: the role of counterfactual thinking. Studies in Higher Education, 47(5), 1023-1035.‏
Keshtkaran, K. (2011). Investigating the relationship between religious fundamentalism and decision-making styles with the mediation of epistemological beliefs (Master's thesis). Shiraz University. [In Persian]
Koole, S. L. (2009). The psychology of emotion regulation: An integrative review. Cognition and Emotion, 23(1), 4-41. ‏
Kunda, Z. (1999/1384). Social cognition: Making sense of people. Translated by Hossein kaviani. Tehran: Mehr Kavian. [In Persian]
Lazarus, R. S. (1991). Thoughts on the relations between emotion and cognition. American Psychologist, 37(9), 1019- 1024.
Leach, J. K., & Patall, E. A. (2013). Maximizing and counterfactual thinking in academic major decision making. Journal of Career Assessment, 21(3), 414-429.‏
Lee, H., & Sturm, R. E. (2017). A sequential choice perspective of postdecision regret and counterfactual thinking in voluntary turnover decisions. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 99, 11-23.
Lickel, B., Schmader, T., & Barquissau, M. (2004). Collective guilt: International perspectives (2en Ed.). United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. 1-35.
Lisoni, J., & Vita, A. (2021). Review of "prefrontal tDCS attenuates counterfactual thinking in female individuals prone to self-critical rumination". Qeios, 1-7. doi:10.32388/6WBWMO.
Mandel, D. R., Hilton, D. J., & Catellani, P. E. (2005). The psychology of counterfactual thinking. Routledge. ‏
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224-53.
Mashhadi, A., Mir-Doroghi, F., & Hasani, J. (2011). The role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in internalizing disorders of children. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 3(3), 29-39. [In Persian]
Miller, D., & Turnbull, W. (1992). The counterfactual fallacy: Confusing what might have been with what ought to have been. In M. Lerner (Ed.), Life crises and experiences of loss. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp. 179–193.
Ochsner, K. N., & Gross, J. J. (2005). The cognitive control of emotion. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(5), 242-249.
Oulasvirta, A., & Hornbæk, K. (2022). Counterfactual thinking: What theories do in design? International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 38(1), 78-92.‏
Parikh, N. A. (2019). Using Imagination to Reframe Negative Memories: An Exploration into Emotion Regulation with Counterfactual Thinking (Doctoral dissertation).‏‏ Duke University.
Parikh, N., De Brigard, F., & LaBar, K. S. (2022). The efficacy of downward counterfactual thinking for regulating emotional memories in anxious individuals. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 712066.‏
Pereira, L. M., & Santos, F. C. (2019). Counterfactual thinking in cooperation dynamics. In A. Nepomuceno-Fernández, L. Magnani, F. Salguero-Lamillar, C. Bares-Gomez, & M. Fontaine (Eds.), model-based reasoning in science and technology: Inferential models for logic, language, cognition and computation (pp. 69-82). Springer International Publishing. ‏
Pink, D. H. (2022/1401). The power of regret: How looking backward moves us forward? Translated by Mehrsa Sharia al-Islam and Khosrow Farzad. Tehran: Moon Publishing. [In Persian]
Roese, N. J. (1994). The functional basis of counterfactual thinking. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(5), 805, 133-148.
Roese, N. J., & Epstude, K. (2017). The functional theory of counterfactual thinking: New evidence, new challenges, new insights. In J. M. Olson (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (pp. 1-79). Elsevier Academic Press. ‏
Roese, N. J. & Olson, J. M. (1995). What might have been: The social psychology of counterfactual thinking. New Jersey: Erlbaum.
Roese, N. J., & Olson, J. M. (2007). Better, stronger, faster: Self-serving judgment, affect regulation, and the optimal vigilance hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2(2), 124-141.
Rye, M. S., Cahoon, M. B., Ali, R. S., & Daftary, A. T. (2008). Development and validation of the counterfactual thinking for negative events scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 30(3), 261-269.
Schreiber, L. R., Grant, J. E., & Odlaug, B. L. (2012). Emotion regulation and impulsivity in young adults. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(5), 651-658.‏
Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1995). Decision-making style: The development and assessment of a new measure. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 55(5), 818-831.
Sevdalis, N., & Kokkinaki, F. (2006). The differential effect of realistic and unrealistic counterfactual thinking on regret. Acta Psychologica, 122(2), 111-128.‏
Shalani, B., Abbariki, A., Afshak, S., & Jashanpoor, M. (2020). Investigate the predictive role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies in decision-making style of female students. Quarterly Journal of Woman and Society, 11(42), 123-134. [In Persian]
Thunholm, P. (2004). Decision-making style: habit, style or both? Personality and Individual Differences, 36(4), 931-944.‏
Van Hoeck, N., Watson, P. D., & Barbey, A. K. (2015). Cognitive neuroscience of human counterfactual reasoning. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9, 420.‏
Williams, L. E., Bargh, J. A., Nocera, C. C., & Gray, J. R. (2009). The unconscious regulation of emotion: nonconscious reappraisal goals modulate emotional reactivity. Emotion, 9(6), 847-854.
Zare, H., & Arabe Shibani, KH. (2011). Reliability and validity of Decision Making Styles Questionnaire in Iranian students. Psychological Research, 14(2), 112-125. [In Persian]

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 05 July 2023
  • Revise Date: 27 December 2023
  • Accept Date: 09 January 2024
  • First Publish Date: 10 September 2024
  • Publish Date: 22 September 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics