تاثیر تصاویر ایستا و انیمیشن بر بهبود یادگیری: نقش تعدیل‌کننده‌ی نشانه‌های دیداری و جنسیت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه سمنان

چکیده

این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر نشانه، فرمارائه(انیمیشن، تصاویرایستا) و کنش متقابل آنها بر درک مفاهیم و انتقال مطالب و بررسی نقش تعدیل‌کننده جنسیت در آموزش چندرسانه‌ای انجام شد. نمونه مورد پژوهش مشتمل بر120 دانشجوی دختر و پسر رشته‌های معماری، مهندسی برق، حقوق، عمران، الکترونیک و کامپیوتر دانشگاه آزاد مهدی شهر در استان سمنان بودند که در ترم تابستان سال تحصیلی 92-1391مشغول تحصیل بودند. از جامعه‌ی پسران 60 دانشجو، و از جامعه‌ی دختران نیز 60 دانشجو به روش تصادفی ساده انتخاب و به روش تصادفی به 8 گروه انتساب شدند. داده‌ها با آزمون درک و انتقال یادگیری در درس فیزیولوژی گردآوری و با تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیری تحلیل شد. یافته‌ها حاکی از برتری فرم ارائه انیمیشن از فرم تصاویر ایستا در هر دو آزمون درک و انتقال بود. از طرفی، درک و انتقال تحت نشانه رنگ،  بالاتر از درک و انتقال تحت نشانه فلش بود. بین فرم ارائه و نشانه اثر تعاملی مشاهده نشد، اما بین جنسیت و فرمت ارائه،اثر تعاملی معنادار وجود داشت. در دختر‌ها میانگین یادگیری در فرم ارائه انیمیشن بالاتر از تصاویر ایستا بود ولی در پسرها تفاوت معناداری مشاهده نشد. افزون برآن، بین جنسیت و نشانه‌های دیداری اثر تعاملی مشاهده نشد. در طراحی محیط‌های چندرسانه‌ای و محتوا‌های الکترونیکی استفاده از انیمیشن در ترکیب با نشانه‌ی رنگ کارایی یادگیرندگان را افزایش می‌دهد. این مطلب به ویژه در مورد آموزش دختران موثرتر از آموزش پسران است. تلویحات کاربردی یافته‌ها مورد بحث قرار گرفته است.

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